In the last four years, eight postdoctoral researchers from five different nationalities have developed their work in different VHIR research groups thanks to an INCOMED mobility grant (Incoming Fellowships Biomedicine) for promotion, training and professional development.The duration of the scholarships has been two years during which each researcher has been integrated into a team to develop their research project. The INCOMED program, promoted by VHIR, has allowed them to benefit from an advanced training program that has included individualized training in research, scientific and technological courses, and scientific and financial management of the research project, as well as a professional development program that has allowed them to participate in the VHIR postdoctoral committee and present the results in the Institute and in international scientific conferences.Below we highlight the most important advances that researchers have reached in each of their specialties:Dr. Carlos Fernández Saéz. The pro-oncogenic role of PTOV1 in cancer progression is mediated by the upregulation of c-Jun and downregulation of p53. IP: Dr. Rosanna Paciucci. During this project, a strong tumor supressor was found that could become a new target to treat aggressive prostate cancer. If the results of the project are confirmed and validated in a significant cohort of patients, they could lead to the development of alternative therapeutic treatments, potentially more effective and specific than those currently available.Dr. Guillaime Philippe Sarrabayrouse. Use of gut mucosal explant to study gut microbiota anti inflammatory properties for IBD. IP: Dr. Chaysavanh Manichanh.The project isolated and sequenced the bacterial DNA from patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy donors to identify the relevant bacteria necessary to build a "bacterial cocktail". The results obtained during this grant allowed to develop all the tools (bacterial analysis, bacterial collection, human animal model and ex vivo) necessary for the success of the bacterial cocktail.Dr. Cristian Pablo Moiola. Implication of specific molecular events associated with dissemination and poor prognosis in endometrial cancer. IP: Dr. Antonio Gil Moreno.The main clinical challenge in endometrial cancer research is finding biomarkers capable of predicting which patients will relapse and selecting an appropriate treatment for them. In this study we found evidence to suggest that the ANAX2 biomarker could be involved in the invasiveness of endometrial cancer cells and in the ability of these cells to adhere to the extracellular matrix, a total contribution to the progression and spread of this type of cancer.Dr. Ana Martín Pardillos. Characterization of a novel breast cancer marker, KLHDC7B. IP: Dr. Santiago Ramón y Cajal Agüeras.The main objective of this project was the characterization of the function of the KLHDC7B protein and its expression in metastatic breast cancer, whose alteration has been associated with the metastasis. The results derived from this project propose KLHDC7B as a new marker of breast cancer, especially in stage of metastasis, and MDA-MB231 as a good cell line to study tumor heterogeneity and clonal cooperation.Dr. Rocío Rebollido Ríos. Design of new antibiotics through predictive protein-protein interaction networks. IP: Dr. Marc Torrent Burgas. In this project, both experimental and theoretical fields were combined to develop an automated pipeline, written in R language. These results show new therapeutic avenues to control the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance. In addition, they have the potential to identify new targets for drug action and develop new molecules as antimicrobials.Dr. Alex Lyakhovich. RedOx status of cancer stem cells and their resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy. IP: Dr. Matilde Lleonart Pajarín.During this project, were revealed some mechanisms by which cancer stem cells become resistant to chemotherapeutic treatments, that include metabolic reprogramming and autophagy. It was proposed that treatment with bactericidal antibiotics could represent a novel approach to address CSCs as well as chemoresistant cancer cells. Therefore, one of the potential impacts of the project is to provide recommendations to the clinics as part of the appropriate trials.Dr. Andrea Guala. Innovative techniques for analysing the interaction between aortic valve dysfunction and aortic dilation. IP: Dr. Arturo Evangelista Masip.The aim of this project, focused on the aortic aneurysm, was to investigate all these interrelated aspects through the use of 4D-flow MRI, an innovative magnetic resonance technique. It is likely that the results provided by this project will be reflected in the clinical guide.Dr. Eleonora Bunsow. Donor infection and transmission to lung transplant recipient and the impact of multidrug resistant microorganism. IP: Dr. Joan Gavaldà. During this fellowship, the incidence and etiology of bacterial, viral and fungal infection in lung allograft donors and the transmission of these infections among donors were evaluated. The results of this study showed that an appropriate prophylactic antimicrobial regimen and modification according to the microorganisms isolated in the cultures of donors and recipients is essential to avoid complications in the lung transplant recipient.