The Plastic Surgery and Burns Service at Vall d’Hebron University Hospital has successfully improved the treatment of burn scars, especially the ones that affect a considerable amount of skin surface, with the application of regenerative techniques using adult stem cells derived from the patient's adipose tissue. By now, the technique has been used in 2 patients, even though it can be applied in a wide number of patients, especially when they have consequences in large areas on the body.The patient’s tissue is obtained performing small precise incisions, from which the adipose tissue is extracted to isolate adult stem cells and the mesenchymal fraction. Once prepared, they are injected again into the scars and in the new tissue using tools of extremely small diameter that allow the introduction of a very small number of cells in each treated area. Thus, the mesenchymal stem cells create a microenvironment in the tissue that stimulates the growth of new vessels, secrete growth factors and promote new molecular structures that regulate the collagen deposition (part of the scar) and increase the elastic elements, which create, in long term, a new physical structure more alike to normal tissue.The aim of this innovative treatment is to improve the elasticity, flexibility and vitality of the scar tissue and diminish the unsightly consequences. The cells and implanted tissue can settle in the tissue and create a new structure inside the scars, which allows a better architecture of the new dermis, increasing its functional ability. This leads to a significant improvement in the quality of life of the patients, thanks to an increase in tissue flexibility, better hydration and improvement in the outlines of the scars.The benefits of this kind of therapy, which can be transferred to any other atrophy on soft tissue, are evident in a few months' time, as the stem cells regenerate and optimize the quality of the tissue after a reasonable time from the implant.Dr. Joan Pere Barret, head of the Plastic Surgery and Burns claims that “this is an innovative technique because we give biological treatment to the burns. Through the injection of cells and tissue we alter the biological structure of the tissue, performing a regenerative treatment that contrasts with the usual surgical techniques, which alter its form and function but not its quality, as we create new scars. With the new technique, we minimize the damage of the same surgery and provide benefits”.This technique goes in line with the new repair and plastic surgery, which aims at performing highly individualized and minimally invasive specialized treatments. In this regard, 5 years ago the Plastic Surgery and Burns service, through its team at Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), started conducting clinical research on the application of new techniques of regenerative surgery. An example of this is the use of stem cells in the reconstruction of serious facial disfigurement in children with Parry-Romberg syndrome, a pathology that produces severe malformations in the facial features. Thanks to a surgery performed at the Vall d’Hebron Hospital, the appearance and clinical evolution of these children is greatly improved.