Anesthesiology and Critical Care Departments at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital have participated in the study EuSOS, which determines the mortality after surgery in Europe. Coordinated by Dr. Miriam de Nadal, from anesthesiology service and Neurotraumatology and neurosurgery research group (UNINN) at VHIR, and Dr. Jordi Rello from the Critical Care department and the Clinical Research Innovation in Pneumonia & Sepsis group (CRIPS), there has been a team of researchers from both services. The results were published recently in 'The Lancet'.EuSOS (European Surgical Outcomes Study) is the first European study that evaluates the mortality after surgery in non-cardiac surgery. Besides the cardiac surgery, also there have been excluded the neurosurgery and the radiological and obstetric procedures due to the fact that they are postoperatory well differentiated from other types of surgery. 10% of the controlled patients have high risk of complications and they would need to be in the critical care units for a better control and a major survival. 46.539 post surgeries have been analyzed in all Europe (5.433 in Spain).Among the results stands out an average mortality of 4% (3'8 % in Spain). 8% of after surgery needed to enter in a critical care unit (12'5% in Spain). The factors that independently have been associated with the mortality are the country where the patient was controlled surgically, the emergency of the surgery, the major surgery, the age, the qualification ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologist), metastatic cancer and the hepatic cirrhosis. The highest rates of mortality at European countries where the surgical interventions were made are Poland, Romania, Latvia and Ireland, comparing it with the United Kingdom, country that has been considered to be a reference with a mortality of 3'6%.Other conclusions are that 73% of patients who died in the postoperatorive of a surgical intervention had not been in a critical care unit. The big differences of mortality between countries would justify a record of quality and an improvement of the postoperatory care to improve the rates of mortality found.