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07/12/2020

Vall d’Hebron participates in a study that suggests that patients with glomerular disease suffer a higher mortality from COVID-19

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07/12/2020

The VHIR has participated in a study that has revealed the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with glomerular disease, showing that they face a higher mortality and risk of suffering acute kidney injury.

The Nephrology Service of the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH) and the Nephrology Research Group of the Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) have participated in an international study that has made it possible to know the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with glomerular disease, showing that they face a higher mortality and risk of suffering acute kidney injury. Dr. María José Soler, Dr. Irene Agraz and Dr. Clara García Carro, from the Nephrology research group have been the VHIR researchers who have collaborated in the study, which has been published in the Kidney International journal of the International Society of Nephrology.Until now, the effects that SARS-CoV-2 infection had in patients with glomerular disease, which is defined as inflammation of the small filters of the kidney called glomeruli, which are responsible for removing excess fluid and electrolytes, were unknown. For this reason, the International Registry of COVID-19 infection in glomerulonephritis (IRoc-GN) was created to identify risk factors associated with serious complications and evaluate results in patients with glomerular disease, comparing them with data from individuals without glomerulonephritis.The International Registry identified 40 patients with glomerulonephritis and coronavirus, with the intention of recording detailed information on the diagnosis, kidney parameters and baseline immunosuppression before infection, as well as the clinical presentation, treatment, complications and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 disease. These 40 cases were then compared with 80 other positive COVID-19 cases in the general population without glomerulonephritis, to see the differences between some patients and the others. As the Vall d'Hebron Nephrology Service is CSUR - National Reference Unit for complex glomerular diseases, participation in the study was very relevant. Thus, 40% of the patients with glomerulonephritis and coronavirus were patients from our centre.The results of the study showed that the majority of patients with glomerulonephritis (70%) were hospitalized. Furthermore, these patients also had significantly higher mortality (15% vs. 5%, respectively), as well as acute kidney injury (39% vs. 14%), than patients without glomerulonephritis. However, the need for kidney replacement therapy was not statistically different between the two groups. On the other hand, receiving immunosuppression or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors did not increase the risk of death or acute kidney injury in patients with glomerulonephritis."These results suggest that patients with glomerulonephritis and COVID-19 need to be monitored more carefully, especially in cases where they present low albumin levels, since it has also been associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury and need for kidney replacement therapy", explains the doctor.The susceptibility of people with kidney disease to SARS-CoV-2 is unclear, but the available evidence suggests that patients with chronic kidney disease, kidney transplantation, or dialysis have a higher death rate from COVID-19 than the general population. In fact, Dr. Soler concludes that patients with glomerulonephritis are not a vulnerable group against SARS-CoV-2 infection. "It is a group that, in case of suffering from coronavirus, has a higher mortality, which could be related to the fact that people with glomerulonephritis are patients with chronic kidney disease that confers immunosuppression per se".

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