This mouse model was generated by crossing Ppargc1a floxed/Ppargc1b floxed mice with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the adipose-specific Adiponectin promoter (AdipoQ-Cre mice). This mouse model has a simulatenous specific deletion of the Ppargc1a and Ppargc1b genes in adipocytes, resulting in a double knockout of the genes encoding for PGC1alpha and PGC1beta in white and brown adipose tissues. The model exhibits a moderate to severe reduction in mitochodrial biogenesis in white and brown adipose tissues but do No exhibit any overt metabolic pheNoype when fed a chow or high fat diet (45% kcal from fat).

This mouse model was generated by crossing Ppargc1a floxed mice with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the adipose-specific FABP4 promoter (Ap2-Cre mice). The PGC1alpha-FAT-KO mice have a specific deletion of the Ppargc1a gene in adipocytes, resulting in a knockout of the gene in white and brown adipose tissues. The model exhibits a moderate reduction in mitochodrial biogenesis in brown adipose tissues but do No exhibit any overt metabolic phenotype.

This mouse model was generated by crossing Ppargc1b floxed mice with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the adipose-specific FABP4 promoter (Ap2-Cre mice). This mouse model has a specific deletion of the Ppargc1b gene in adipocytes, resulting in a knockout of the PGC1beta gene in white and brown adipose tissues. The model exhibits a moderate to severe reduction in mitochodrial biogenesis in white and brown adipose tissues but do not exhibit any overt metabolic phenotype.

Model generated by moderate exercise routine

The left anterior descending coronary artery will be occluded with an intracoronary angioplasty balloon for 40-60 min. Then animals will be allowed to recover for 4 or 28 days. Infarct or scar size will be measured at the end of those periods. Cardiac function will be assessed by echocardiography.

The anterior coronary artery will be dissected at two different points. The most proximal will be located immediately below the first diagonal branch, and will be used to perform coronary occlusion, while the second will be located one centimeter distal to the first, and will be used to measure coronary blood flow

Model generated by constriction of the aortic arch

Tg-TH-hTyr mice recapitulate the age-dependent bilateral accumulation and distribution of neuromelanin-like pigment in all catecholaminergic cell groups as in humans. Tg-TH-hTyr mice exhibit age-dependent Parkinson-like multisystem deficits leading to motor and non-motor (including peripheral) alterations. Can be combined with any other toxic and/or genetic rodent model.

In vivo rodent model of age-dependent neuromelanin-like production exhibiting progressive Parkinson-like behavioral and neuropathological features. Can be combined with any other toxic and/or genetic rodent model.

Tumor cells 4T1 and EMT6 will be inoculated in the exposed mammary glands.